Secondary sector meaning in hindi

Introduction

Different sectors form the base upon which economic development is built, contributing in their unique fashions to national growth. The economy is broadly divided into three main sectors in India and all over the world: primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. Among these, the secondary sector-in Hindi, द्वितीयक क्षेत्र (Dwitiyak Kshetra) or सेकेंडरी सेक्टर-plays a transformative role wherein raw materials are transformed into finished products. In fact, this process of manufacturing, processing, and industrial production lies at the heart of economic growth, job creation, technological advancement, and global competitiveness.

The article describes in detail the meaning of the secondary sector, its characteristics, industries, importance, contribution to the Indian economy, challenges, government policies, and future prospects. In simple English, this is intended for UPSC and academic preparation; the title, however, is an exact translation to reflect the meaning in Hindi.

1. Secondary Sector Meaning in Hindi

The Secondary Sector in Hindi, is called:

द्वितीयक क्षेत्र (Dwitiyak Kshetra)

सेकेंडरी सेक्टर

It describes all the economic activities related to:

 Transforming raw materials into finished goods,

Using technology, machinery, and labour,

 Production or manufacture of new articles.

Adding value to natural resources extracted by the primary sector.

Definition

Manufacturing, processing, and construction industries are those which form the secondary sector. It manufactures raw material into goods usable, and with greater value.

Examples:

 Iron ore → steel

 Cotton → textile

 Wood → furniture

 Crude oil → petrol

Wheat → flour

Sand, bricks → buildings

In other words:

The secondary sector manufactures natural materials into products usable by humans.

2. Why Is It Called the Manufacturing Sector?

The secondary sector is also widely known as the manufacturing sector since

 The kind of activity is manufacturing or processing goods.

It employs the use of factories, machines, and technology.

It manufactures finished goods that are needed by both consumers and other businesses.

It also includes construction, the process of constructing infrastructures such as roads, bridges, buildings, and dams.

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3. Characteristics of the Secondary Sector

There are many characteristic features which differentiate the secondary sector from its primary and tertiary sectors.

1. Value Addition

Raw materials are converted into valuable goods.

Ex: Milk → cheese → higher price.

2. Machinery Use

Industrial production employs a lot of machines and technologies.

3. Large-Scale Production

Factories manufacture goods in bulk lots.

4. Creates Tangible Products

Manufacturing, unlike services, produces tangible items.

5. Labour and Capital Intensive

Requires:

Skilled and unskilled labour

Heavy investments in machinery and plants.

6. Industrial Clusters

Factories often grow in specific regions, forming an industrially advanced hub.

Example: Mumbai (textile), Jamshedpur (steel), Pune (automobiles)

7. Pollution and Environmental Impact

Manufacturing is a source of waste and gaseous emissions.

8. Backbone of Industrialisation

Industrial growth reflects development and modernization of the economy.

4. Types of Industries in the Secondary Sector

The secondary sector comprises a wide range of different industries. These are generally categorized into:

A. Based on Size

1. Large-Scale Industries

The various industrial plants are as follows:  Steel plants

 Automotive plants

The following are major users of natural gas:  Petrochemical industries

Since the company produces primarily construction materials, these include:  Cement manufacturing

These are large capital-intensive industries employing thousands of workers.

Small Scale Industries

 Handicrafts

The small machine workshops

 Food processing units

 Textile weaving units

B. Based on Ownership

1. Public Sector Industries

Owned by the government.

Examples:

 SAIL

BHEL

ONGC refineries

2. Private Sector Industries

Owned by individuals/companies.

Examples:

 Tata Motors

Reliance Industries

 Aditya Birla Group

3. Joint Secto

Jointly owned by the government and private sector.

C. According to the Use of Raw Material

1. Agro-Based Industries

Utilize agricultural products.

Examples:

Sugar mills

Cotton textile mills

 Food processing units

2. Mineral-Based Industries

Use minerals as raw material.

Examples:

 Iron and steel

What are the main materials used to build such constructions?

 Cement

 Aluminium

3. Chemical Industries

Produce chemicals, plastics, pharmaceuticals.

4. Forest-Based Industries

Use forest raw materials.

Examples:

 Paper

 Furniture

Resin products

 D. Based on Function

1. Consumer Goods Industries

Manufacture products used by the general public.

Example:

Shoes, clothing, electronics, packaged food.

2. Capital Goods Industries

Produce tools and machinery utilized by other industries.

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5. Importance of the Secondary Sector

The reasons why the secondary sector is important include:

1. Industrialisation and Modernisation

No country develops an economy without a strong base in manufacturing.

Industrial growth means improved technology, innovation, and national strength.

2. Value Addition

It turns low-value raw materials into a high-value good.

Example: Cotton worth ₹ 50 can become a shirt worth ₹ 500.

3. Employment Creation

Factories and construction sites employ millions, especially in developing countries.

4. Economic Growth

Manufacturing increases GDP, trade, and industrial output.

In India, it contributes 25–30% to the GDP, both direct and indirect.

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5. Export Competitiveness

Countries like China, Korea, Germany, and Japan dominate international trade mainly because of their manufacturing.

6. Promotes Urbanisation

Industrial hubs attract workers, thereby promoting metro cities and infrastructure development.

7. Linkages With Other Sectors

The primary sector provides raw material.

Tertiary sector: it includes logistics, banking, insurance, marketing.

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8. Infrastructure Development

Construction activities provide roads, bridges, railways, dams, housing-all vital to development.

6. The Secondary Sector in India

While India had a long history of craftsmanship and industry, modern industrialization started with the

British-era mills (textile, jute)

PSI-  Post-independence PSUs

 Liberalization 1991

Today, the sector comprises:

Automobiles

 Iron & steel

 Cement

 Pharmaceuticals

Electronics

Textile & garment

 Food processing

 Chemical industries

7. Contribution to Indian GDP and Employment

1. Contribution to GDP

The secondary sector alone contributes approximately 25% of India's GDP.

2. Employment

Provides employment to almost 20%of the working population.

3. Industrial Output

India is one of the world's largest producers of:

Steel

 Cement

 Cars

The generic medicines.

4. Exports

Manufactured goods account for a major proportion of India's exports.

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8. Role of Technology in the Secondary Sector

Advanced technologies are now commonplace in manufacturing:

A. Robotics

Artificial Intelligence

 3D Printing

Automation

They are:  Smart factories-industry 4.0

Practical work will be assigned to show how to conduct simple manufacturing operations, such as:

Computer-Aided Manufacturing

Technology improves:

 efficiency

Quality

 safety

They also ensure that the solution is pertinent to them by considering factors such as  cost-effectiveness

9. Problems Faced by the Secondary Sector

Despite its importance, several factors limit growth:

1. High Cost of Production

Namely, because of expensive electricity, logistics, and taxes.

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2. Inadequate Infrastructure

Transport bottlenecks slow down manufacturing.

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3. Lack of Skills

Requirement for trained technicians, engineers, and skilled labour.

4. Policy and Regulatory Hurdles

Complex compliance hinders ease of doing business.

5. Pollution

The contribution of industries causes air, water, and soil pollution.

6. Imports Competition

Cheap foreign products harm domestic industries.

7. Outdated Technology

Small-scale industries usually lack the latest machinery.

10. Government Initiatives to Promote the Secondary Sector

Various policies have been announced by the Government of India with an aim to strengthen the manufacturing sector.

1. Make in India

Promotes domestic manufacturing with a view to reducing imports.

2. Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme

Incentives for electronics, pharma, food processing, etc.

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3. National Manufacturing Policy

Objective: increase the share of manufacturing in GDP to 25%.

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4. Industrial Corridors

Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC)

Bengaluru-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (BMIC)

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